شبیه‌سازی و تحلیل دروازه منطقی تمام نوری NOT توسط سازوکار XPM با استفاده از تداخل‌سنج ماخ زندر مبتنی بر تقویت‌کننده نوری نیمه‌هادی بلور فوتونی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی برق، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، ایران.

2 گروه مهندسی برق، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد سنندج، ایران

چکیده

در این مقاله شبیه‌سازی و تحلیل دروازه منطقی تمام نوری NOT با استفاده از تقویت‌کننده نوری نیمه‌هادی بلور فوتونی (PC-SOA) مبتنی بر تداخل‌سنج ماخ زندری و سازوکار غیرخطی مدوله سازی فاز متقابل انجام‌گرفته است. توالی پالس نوری ورودی مورداستفاده در طراحی از نوع بازگشت به صفر است. باانرژی قطار پالس ورودی 4fJ و جریان تزریق 1mA، مناسب‌ترین حالت برای دروازه منطقی NOT با نرخ بیت 80‌Gbps به‌دست‌آمده است. برای حل معادلات نرخ و انتشار از روش عددی تفاضل محدود استفاده‌شده است. همچنین در این مقاله برای عملکرد مناسب و بازدهی بهتر دروازه منطقی تمام نوری NOT، پارامترهای اثر الگو ، نسبت خاموشی، بازده تبدیل ، نسبت تضاد، ضریب کیفیت و بازیابی بهره به‌صورت هم‌زمان موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. پارامتر مهم دیگری که در بهبود PC-SOA و همچنین مقدار نرخ بیت نقش اساسی دارد، طول عمر حامل است. در انتشارات قبلی ارائه‌شده این پارامتر در معادلات PC-SOA به‌صورت مقدار ثابت در نظر گرفته‌شده است بنابراین می‌تواند خطای نتایج را تا حدی افزایش دهد. اما در این مقاله، ساختار هر PC-SOA و مواد استفاده‌شده در آن براساس یک مدل تجربی و معتبر است. درنتیجه، محاسبات طول عمر حامل که وابسته به تغییرات چگالی حامل است با دقت محاسبه می‌شود. همچنین با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، PC-SOA عملکرد منطقی بهتری نسبت به SOA معمولی از خود نشان می‌دهد و به دلیل طول بسیار کمتر از SOA، می‌تواند کاندیدای بسیار مناسبی برای مدارهای نوری مجتمع باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Smiley face

[1]        H. Saghaei, " Design and Simulation of an Ultra-Fast All-Optical Single-Bit Comparator Based on Photonic Crystal Ring Resonators," Scientific Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 99-106. (In Persian), 2021.
[2]        S. O. A. Mohebzadeh Bahabadi, "Design of an All-Optical AND Logic Gate based on Photonic Crystal with Small Dimensions Suitable for Integrated Optical Circuits," Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. Vol. 1, Autumn & Winter 2018 (Serial No. 2)  pp. Pages 53-59 (In Persian), 2018.
[3]        E. Mizuta, H. Watanabe, and T. Baba, "All Semiconductor Low-Δ Photonic Crystal Waveguide for Semiconductor Optical Amplifier," Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 45(8A), no. 8A, pp. 6116-6120 2006.
[4]        A. Nosratpour, M. Razaghi, and G. Darvish, "Computational study of pulse propagation in photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier," Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 12(3), 036015, no. 03, 2018.
[5]        F. D. Mahad, A. S. M. Supa’at, S. M. Idrus, and D. Forsyth, "Review Of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) Functionalities," Jurnal Teknologi, vol. 55(1), no. 1, pp. 85–96, 2011.
[6]        M. Connelly, "Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers," Elsevier, Encyclopedia of Modern Optics, eBook: 978-0-12-814982-9, 2004.
[7]        G. P. Agrawal and N. A. OLSSON, "Self-Phase Modulation and Spectral Broadening of Optical Pulses in Semiconductor Laser Amplifiers," IEEE JOURNAL OF QUNTUM ELECTRONICS, vol. 75, 1989.
[8]        N. K. D. Q. Wang, "Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers," Copyright © 2006 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. ISBN 981-256-397-0, Printed in Singapore., 2006. [Online]. Available: Email: enquiries@stallionpress.com. World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224.
[9]        K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, "Computational study of wavelength conversion based on XGM by photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 156(1), pp. 108531(1-9), 2022.
[10]      A. Nosratpour, M. Razaghi, and G. Darvish, "Numerical analysis of four wave mixing in photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier," Optics Communications, vol. 433, pp. 104-110., 2019.
[11]      M. Razaghi, A. Nosratpour, and N. K. Das, "Demonstration and optimisation of an ultrafast all-optical AND logic gate using four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier," Quantum Electronics, vol. 43(2), no. 2, pp. 184-187 2013.
[12]      A. Kotb, "AND gate based on two-photon absorption in semiconductor optical amplifier," Optoelectronics Letters, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 181-184., 2013.
[13]      Y. Khorrami, V. Ahmadi, M. Razaghi, and N. Das, "Picosecond and femtosecond asymmetric switching using a semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Appl Opt, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 1634-1639, Mar 1 2018.
[14]      J. P. a. E. Larkins, "2008 International conference on numerical simulation of optoelectronic devices NUSOD ’08. ," The IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society IEEE Catalog Number: CFP08817, ISBN: 978-1-4244-2307-1, 2008. [15]      A. L. Gaeta, "Nonlinear propagation and continuum generation in microstructured optical fibers," Opt Lett, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 924-6, Jun 1 2002.
[16]         W. Z. Yejin Zhang, Qi Aiyi, Hongwei Qu, Hongling Peng, Shizhong Xie, and Lianghui Chen, "Design of Photonic Crystal Semiconductor Optical Amplifier With Polarization Independence," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 28(22), pp. 3207-3211, 2010.
[17]         M. Y. Tekeste and J. M. Yarrison-Rice, "High efficiency photonic crystal based wavelength demultiplexer," Opt Express, vol. 14, no. 17, pp. 7931-42, Aug 21, 2006.
[18]         J. H. Chu, O. Voskoboynikov, and C. P. Lee, "Slow light in photonic crystals," Microelectronics Journal, vol. 36, no. 3-6, pp. 282-284  2005.
[19]         K. Abedi and S. M. Mirjalili, "Slow light performance enhancement of Bragg slot photonic crystal waveguide with particle swarm optimization algorithm," Optics Communications, vol. 339, pp. 7-13, 2015.
[20]         Y. A. Vlasov, M. O'Boyle, H. F. Hamann, and S. J. McNab, "Active control of slow light on a chip with photonic crystal waveguides," Nature, vol. 438, no. 7064, pp. 65-9 Nov 3 2005,
[21]         T. F. Krauss, "Slow light in photonic crystal waveguides," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 40, no. 9, pp. 2666-2670 , 2007.
[22]         T. Baba, "Slow light in photonic crystals," Nature Photonics, vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 465-473. , 2008.
[23]         H. Jin, G. Dingshan, W. Huaming, H. Ran, and Z. Zhiping, "Flat Band Slow Light in Symmetric Line Defect Photonic Crystal Waveguides," IEEE Photonics Technology Letters, vol. 21, no. 20, pp. 1571-1573, 2009.
[24]         M. Connelly, "Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and their Applications," Conference: 3rd Spanish Meeting of Optoelectronics, OPTOEL’03At: Madrid, 2003.
[25]         S. M. A. Kotb, Z. Chen, N. K. Dutta, G. Said, "All optical logic NAND gate based on two-photon absorption," presented at the Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices: Advances in Materials and Innovations in Device Applications IV, 2010.
[26]         M. R. Arez Nosratpour, "Optical and Logic Gate Implementation using Four Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier for High Speed Optical Communication Systems " 2011 International Conference on Network and Electronics Engineering IPCSIT vol.11 (2011) © (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore 2011.
[27]         A. Kotb, "Computational analysis of solitons all-optical logic NAND and XNOR gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 49, no. 8, 2017.
[28]         A. Kotb, K. E. Zoiros, and C. Guo, "All-optical XOR, NOR, and NAND logic functions with parallel semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer modules," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 108, pp. 426-433, 2018.
[29]         A. Kotb and J. Maeda, "All-optical logic NXOR based on semiconductor optical amplifiers with the effect of amplified spontaneous emission," Optoelectronics Letters, vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 437-440, 2012.
[30]         A. Kotb, "Simulation of all-optical logic NOR gate based on two-photon absorption with semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the effect of amplified spontaneous emission," Journal of the Korean Physical Society, vol. 66, no. 10, pp. 1593-1598, 2015.
[31]         A. Kotb and C. Guo, "All-optical NOR and XNOR logic gates at 2 Tb/s based on two-photon absorption in quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 52, no. 1, 2019.
[32]         A. Kotb, "Theoretical analysis of soliton NOR gate with semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 49, no. 5, 2017.
[33]         E. Dimitriadou and K. E. Zoiros, "On the design of ultrafast all-optical NOT gate using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifier-based Mach–Zehnder interferometer," Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 600-607, 2012.
[34]         K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi,"Design and simulation of the all-optical XOR logic gate by XPM mechanism using photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on mach–zehnder interferometer," Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials (World Scientific Publishing Company), pp. 2250013-(1-24), 2022.
[35]         A. Kotb and C. Guo, "Numerical modeling of photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifiers-based 160 Gb/s all-optical NOR and XNOR logic gates," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 52, no. 2, 02/01 2020.
[36]         K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, "Design and analysis of an all-optical NAND logic gate using a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier based on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer structure," Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications, vol. 49(3), pp. 100992(1-11), 2022/05/01/ 2022.
[37]         K. Heydarian, A. Nosratpour, and M. Razaghi, "Use of four-wave mixing for designing and simulating an all-optical AND logic gate in a photonic crystal semiconductor optical amplifier," Optical Engineering, vol. 60(4), pp. 0471041)-15(4/1 2021.(
[38]         M. Razaghi, O. Jafari, and N. K. Das, "Pattern effect reduction scheme for high-speed all-optical amplification system," Optical Engineering, vol. 53, no. 7, 2014.
[39]         Q. W. N. K. Dutta "semiconductor optical amplifiers, seconded.," Word scientific publishing company, singapore, , 2013.
[40]         S. Barua, Das, N., Nordholm, S., & Razaghi, M. , " Comparison of pulse propagation and gain saturation characteristics among different input pulse shapes in semiconductor optical amplifiers. ," Optics Communications, vol. 359, pp. 73–78., 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2015.09.038.
[41]         A. Kotb and K. E. Zoiros, "Performance of all-optical XOR gate based on two-photon absorption in semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometer with effect of amplified spontaneous emission," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 935-944, 2013.
[42]         G. Wang, X. Yang, and W. Hu, "All-optical logic gates for 40Gb/s NRZ signals using complementary data in SOA-MZIs," Optics Communications, vol. 290, pp. 28-32. , 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.optcom.2012.10.047.
[43]         A. Kotb, "NAND gate with quantum dot-semiconductor optical amplifiers-based Mach-Zehnder interferometer," Optoelectronics Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 89-92, 2013.
[44]         A. Kotb, "NOR gate based on QD-SOA at 250 Gbit/s," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 45, no. 6, pp. 473-480, 2013.
[45]         A. Kotb, S. Ma, Z. Chen, N. K. Dutta, and G. Said, "Effect of amplified spontaneous emission on semiconductor optical amplifier based all-optical logic," Optics Communications, vol. 284, no. 24, pp. 5798-5803, 2011.
[46]         S. Ma, Kotb, A., Chen, Z., & Dutta, N. K. , " All optical logic gates based on two-photon absorption," In Photonics North 2010, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. Vol. 7750 77501L-1, 2010.
[47]         A. Kotb and K. E. Zoiros, "1 Tb/s high quality factor NAND gate using quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers in Mach–Zehnder interferometer," Journal of Computational Electronics, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 555-561, 2014.
[48]         F. D. Mahad, A. S. M. Supa’at, S. M. Idrus, and D. Forsyth, "Analyses of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) four-wave mixing (FWM) for future all-optical wavelength conversion," Optik, vol. 124, no. 1, pp. 1-3  2013.
[49]         H. Brahmi, & Menif, M. , " Optimizing four-wave mixing performance in semiconductor optical amplifiers. ," In Photonics North 2008, Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. Vol. 7099 709914-1, 2008.
[50]         V. A. Yaser Khorrami, & Mohammad Razaghi, "Tb/s all-optical nonlinear switching using semiconductor optical amplifier based Mach-Zehnder interferometer. ," IEEE, 20th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE2012). 2012.