Applied Electromagnetics

Applied Electromagnetics

Design and construction of integrating sphere for calibrating space imagers

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Abbas Bashiri 1
Faeze Jadidi 2
Ali Mohammadi 1
Seyed Mohammad Seyed Afghahi 1
1 Master's degree, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
2 Researcher, Malekashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
The accuracy of radiometric data analysis of space observing systems is necessary for researchers due to reception weak optical signals from scattered targets in space and to overcome detector noise. This is strongly related to accurate calibration of imagers. Using an integrating sphere for calibration of all types of spatial imagers is an accurate and efficient solution. The purpose of this paper is to design and manufacture an integrating sphere with high performance characteristics. Based on this, designing an integrating sphere has been done using relevant relations. In the following, simulations have been done using Zemax optic studio software and its results have been analyzed. Then a uniform optical integrating sphere system was constructed and evaluated. Finally, it has been used to calibrate an imager and get its signal to noise ratio. The signal to noise ratio reflects its radiance response and is the parameter that directly associates with the quality of its acquired images. The obtained results showed the success of using this integrating sphere in such imagers.
Keywords
integrating sphere
uniform optical source
calibration
lambertian reflector

Smiley face

 

         [1]         Y. He et al., “Design and characterization of a large-area integrating sphere uniform radiation source for calibration of satellite remote sensors,” Proceedings of SPIE, May 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.863270.
         [2]         “Improved Calibration Shows Images’ True Colors | NASA Spinoff,” spinoff.nasa.gov. https://spinoff.nasa.gov/Spinoff2015/ip_2.html
         [3]         ‌Vania Da Deppo et al., “Characterization of the integrating sphere for the on-ground calibration of the SIMBIOSYS instrument for the BepiColombo ESA mission,” Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE, Aug. 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2057349.
         [4]         ‌J. J. Butler et al., “Radiometric measurement comparison on the integrating sphere source used to calibrate the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Landsat,” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, vol. 108, no. 3, p. 199, May 2003, doi: https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.108.020.
         [5]         ‌Lukasz Gryko, Urszula Joanna Blaszczak, and Andrzej Stanislaw Zajac, “Colorimetric characterization of the tunable LED-based light source at the output of the homogenizing rod,” Photonics Applications in Astronomy, Communications, Industry, and High-Energy Physics Experiments 2018, Oct. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2501631.
         [6]         ‌M. L. Rastello, E. Miraldi, and P. Pisoni, “Luminous-flux measurements by an absolute integrating sphere,” Applied Optics, vol. 35, no. 22, p. 4385, Aug. 1996, doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.004385.
         [7]         ‌P.-S. Shaw, Z. Li, U. Arp, and K. R. Lykke, “Ultraviolet characterization of integrating spheres,” Applied Optics, vol. 46, no. 22, p. 5119, Jul. 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.005119.
         [8]         ‌A. ul Rehman, I. Ahmad, and S. A. Qureshi, “Biomedical Applications of Integrating Sphere: A Review,” Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy, vol. 31, p. 101712, Sep. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101712.
         [9]         ‌Prasanna Mahavarkar, S. Sriram, B. Joshi, A. Hasan, R. B. S, and S. Chandra, “Designing a Sky-Scanning Fabry-Perot Interferometer System with a Large Size Integrating Sphere,” Social Science Research Network, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4318495.
       [10]       ‌A. Kokka, T. Pulli, T. Poikonen, J. Askola, and E. Ikonen, “Fisheye camera method for spatial non-uniformity corrections in luminous flux measurements with integrating spheres,” Metrologia, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 577–583, Jul. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/aa7cb7.
       [11]       ‌T. Yamakoshi et al., “Integrating Sphere Finger-Photoplethysmography: Preliminary Investigation towards Practical Non-Invasive Measurement of Blood Constituents,” PLOS ONE, vol. 10, no. 12, p. e0143506, Dec. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143506.
       [12]       ‌A. Kokka, T. Pulli, E. Honkavaara, L. Markelin, P. Kärhä, and E. Ikonen, “Flat-field calibration method for hyperspectral frame cameras,” Metrologia, vol. 56, no. 5, p. 055001, Aug. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ab3261.
       [13]       ‌C. Rammeloo and A. Baumgartner, “Spectroradiometer Calibration for Radiance Transfer Measurements,” Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 23, no. 4, p. 2339, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042339.
       [14]       ‌Yang Benyong, Zhang Liming, Chen Hongyao, and Qiao Yanli, “System Design of the Integrating Sphere Used for on-Board Calibration of Visible-SWIR Hyperspectral Remote Sensors,” Guangxue xuebao, vol. 29, no. 12, pp. 3545–3550, Jan. 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.3788/aos20092912.3545.
       [15]       A. Baumgartner, “Characterization of integrating sphere homogeneity with an uncalibrated imaging spectrometer,” Jun. 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2013.8080735.
       [16]       ‌F. Sakuma et al., “EOS AM-1 preflight radiometric measurement comparison using the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer (ASTER) visible/near-infrared integrating sphere,” Proceedings of SPIE, Nov. 1996, doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.258101.
       [17]       Z. Zou, Hui Liang Shen, S. Li, Y. Zhu, and J. H. Xin, “Lighting Deviation Correction for Integrating-Sphere Multispectral Imaging Systems,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 19, no. 16, pp. 3501–3501, Aug. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/s19163501.
       [18]       ‌D. Hidović-Rowe, J. E. Rowe, and M. Lualdi, “Markov models of integrating spheres for hyperspectral imaging,” Applied Optics, vol. 45, no. 21, p. 5248, Jul. 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.45.005248.
       [19]       ‌C. Cramer, K. Lykke, J. Woodward, and A. Smith, “Precise Measurement of Lunar Spectral Irradiance at Visible Wavelengths,” Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, vol. 118, pp. 396–396, Oct. 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.118.020.
       [20]       ‌A. Pauluhn, E. Huber, P. L. Smith, and L. Colina, “Spectroradiometry with space telescopes,” The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, vol. 24, no. 1, Dec. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00159-015-0086-2.
       [21]       ‌Ting Liang Guo, Guo Jin Feng, Y. Wang, and Ying Wei He, “A New Kind of Integrating Sphere Radiation Calibration System for Satellite Remote Sensors,” Key Engineering Materials, vol. 500, pp. 569–573, Jan. 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.569.
       [22]       ‌A. Côté, S. Levasseur, S. Boudreau, and J. Genest, “Light field camera as a Fourier transform spectrometer sensor: instrument characterization and passive spectral ranging,” Applied Optics, vol. 53, no. 19, pp. 4327–4327, Jun. 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.004327.
       [23]       J. Chen et al., “Design of Integrating Sphere Uniform Light System for Solar Simulator,” IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Feb. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2023.3237931.
       [24]       J. Li, H. Chen, L. Zhang, W. Huang, and B. Yang, “Spectral radiance standard transfer for an integrating sphere as a radiation source in the ultraviolet band,” Metrologia (Print), vol. 60, no. 1, pp. 015001–015001, Nov. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1681-7575/ac9f4c.
       [25]       V. Sandgren, “Characterization of an integrating sphere radiation reference source,” 2011. Available: https://odr.chalmers.se/server/api/core/bitstreams/ebe3c815-7e95-4585-8a45-27bd90beb7f0/content
       [26]       Y. Fu et al., “Radiance uniformity measurement of a miniaturized integrating sphere light source for microscope radiance responsivity calibration,” AOPC 2020: Optical Sensing and Imaging Technology, Nov. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2580225
       [27]       ‌K. Carr, “Integrating sphere theory and applications Part I: Integrating sphere theory and design,” Surface Coatings International, vol. 80, no. 8, pp. 380–385, Aug. 1997, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02692694.
       [28]       ‌J. Luo, J. Liu, X. Guo, Y. Liu, H. Jin, and D. Fan, “Preparation, Characterisation, and Application of Bifunctional BaSO4 Sheets,” Materials, vol. 13, no. 13, p. 2903, Jun. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132903.
       [29]       ‌A. Rezaei-latifi, “Design of a type of optical optical spectrometer in the UV- A spectral region”, Scientific Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, Vol. 11, No.2, 2023, (In Persian).DOR:https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.2.12.5
       [30]       D. Patel, S. Patidar, and P. Parmar, “SNR IMPROVEMENT FOR MONOCHROME DETECTOR USING BINNING,” Jan. 2015.
       [31]       Yuheng Chen, Jiankang Zhou, Xinhua Chen, Yiqun Ji, and Weimin Shen "Measurement and study on signal-to-noise ratio of a spaceborne camera", Proc. SPIE 8200, 2011 International Conference on Optical Instruments and Technology: Optoelectronic Imaging and Processing Technology, 82000K (28 November 2011); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.903709
 
Applied Electromagnetics
Volume 12, Issue 2 - Serial Number 29
Autumn and winter
December 2024
Pages 99-109

  • Receive Date 08 May 2024
  • Revise Date 28 August 2024
  • Accept Date 22 October 2024
  • Publish Date 22 October 2024