Investigating the effect of the thickness of gold nanodisk arrays on the performance of metal-dielectric-metal multifunctional sensors based on surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 PhD Student, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

3 Researcher, Imam Hussein (AS) University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

In this article, a three-dimensional metal-dielectric-metal surface plasmon resonance sensor with nanodisc arrays is designed and the effect of the nanodisks' thickness is investigated on the performance of a multifunctional sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in liquid and gas sensing. The simulations are done using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD) and by applying appropriate boundary conditions. The results confirm the significant effects of the nanodisks' thickness on the performance of the optical sensor, So that the thickness and linewidth of the resonance peak decrease and increase, respectively, with the rise in the thickness of the nanodisks. Also, a red shift in the resonance wavelength is observed with the increase of the nanodisks' thickness. The results indicate the appropriate sensitivities of these proposed optical sensors in gas and liquid sensing. The sensitivities of these three-dimensional array sensors with the studied nanodisk's thickness (20 to 60 nm) are in the range of 600 to 648 nm/RIU and 588 to 674 nm/RIU for gas and liquid sensing, demonstrating the proposed sensor is a suitable candidate for optical sensing of materials. Also, the nanodisk thickness of 50 nm is obtained as the optimal thickness for sensing in both specific environments due to its appropriate sensitivity value (~640 nm/RIU). In addition, the results demonstrate that the proposed structure can be introduced as a suitable candidate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy due to the formed hot spots and the field distribution in the configuration.

Highlights

[1]  L. Jauffred, A. Samadi, H. Klingberg, P. M. Bendix, and L. B. Oddershede, "Plasmonic heating of nanostructures," Chemical Reviews, vol. 119, no. 13, pp. 8087-8130, 2019

https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00738

[2] H. Mehrzad and E. Mohajerani, "Liquid crystal mediated active nano-plasmonic based on the formation of hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 112, no. 6, p. 061101, 2018.

https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004076

[3] H. Rasouli Noori, J. Khalilzadeh, M. Shahamat, and A. Riahi, "Design and Simulation of a Novel Surface Plasmon Based Bio-Nanosensor for Detection of DNA Hybridization," Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 275-278, 2020 (In Persian).DOR:https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26762935.1399.11.3.5.8

[4] S. Dutta Choudhury, R. Badugu, K. Ray, and J. R. Lakowicz, "Steering fluorescence emission with metal-dielectric-metal structures of Au, Ag, and Al," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 117, no. 30, pp. 15798-15807, 2013.

https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4051066

[5] Y.-F.C. Chau, C.-T.C. Chao, H.-J Huang et al., "Perfect dual-band absorber based on plasmonic effect with the cross-hair/nanorod combination," Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 493, 2020.

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030493

[6] C.-T.C Chao et al., "Visible-range multiple-channel metal-shell rod-shaped narrowband plasmonic metamaterial absorber for refractive index and temperature sensing," Micromachines, vol. 14, p. 340, 2023.

 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020340

 [7] D.-D Zhu et al., "Research on surface plasmon resonance sensing of metal nano hollow elliptic cylinder," Plasmonics, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 2405-2413, 2023.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01930-w

[8] W. Yi, W. Bing, and Z.-P. Zhang, “Tunable omnidirectional surface plasmon resonance in cylindrical plasmonic structure,” Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 4388–4390, 2008.

https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/25/12/057.

[9] J. Jiang, Y. Xu, Y. Li, et al., “Triple-band perfect absorber based on the gold-Al2O3-grating structure in visible and near-infrared wavelength range,” Optics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2022.

DOI:10.1007/s11082-021-03422-9

[10] M Vahedi ., A Riahi, "Theoretical study of the effect of the layer thickness on the sensitivity of tapered fiber optic sensors," Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp., 87-93, 2023. (In Persian).DOR:https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.1.9.0

[11] F Bashiri., A. Riahi., H. Moradi., "Designing and manufacturing of the laboratory optical fiber sensor for detection of the gas pressure by Fabry-Perot method and the investigation of the effect of the polymer material on its sensitivity," Applied Electromagnetics, vol., no., pp.,119-125,2023  (In Persian).DOR:https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.2.11.4

[12] M Mansoursamaei ., A Malakzadeh , "A new simulation method for calculating temperature and strain at the same time by fiber Bragg grating sensor," Applied Electromagnetics, vol., no., pp.,1-8 ,2023 (In Persian).DOR:https://dor.isc.ac/dor/20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.1.1.2

[13] V. Amendola, "Surface plasmon resonance of silver and gold nanoparticles in the proximity of graphene studied using the discrete dipole approximation method," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 2230-2241, 2016.

https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP06121K

[14] J. B. Schneider, "Understanding the finite-difference time-domain method," School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 2010.

[15] P. K. Jain, W. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, and M. A. El-Sayed, "Noble Metal Nanoparticles for the Enhanced Optical Detection of Biological Species," The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 117, no. 21, pp. 2497-2502, 2007.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-007-9031-1

[16] C.-T.C Chou et al., "Biosensing on a plasmonic dual-band perfect absorber using intersection nanostructure," ACS Omega, vol., no., pp.,1139–1149 ,2022.

https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05714

[17] P. Li, Y. Zhang, C. Liu, and J. Wang, "Fundamentals and applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy–based biosensors," Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 51-59, 2020.

https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.005.

[18] S. Jiao, Y. Li, and K. Ma, "Design of infrared plasma absorber with high refractive index sensitivity," Plasmonics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1099-1106, 2021.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01372-2

[19] J. Jiang et al., "Triple-band perfect absorber based on the gold-Al2O3-grating structure in visible and near-infrared wavelength range," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, p. 43, 2022.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03422-9

[20] C. Liang, Z. Yi, X. Chen, et al., "Dual-band infrared perfect absorber based on a Ag-dielectric-Ag multilayer films with nanoring grooves arrays," Plasmonics, vol. 15, pp. 93–100, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01018-4.

[21] S. Wang et al., "The investigation of an LSPR refractive index sensor based on periodic gold nanorings array," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 51, no. 4, p. 045101, 2018.

https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa9d30.

Keywords

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References

[1]  L. Jauffred, A. Samadi, H. Klingberg, P. M. Bendix, and L. B. Oddershede, "Plasmonic heating of nanostructures," Chemical Reviews, vol. 119, no. 13, pp. 8087-8130, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00738
[2] H. Mehrzad and E. Mohajerani, "Liquid crystal mediated active nano-plasmonic based on the formation of hybrid plasmonic-photonic modes," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 112, no. 6, p. 061101, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5004076
[3] H. Rasouli Noori, J. Khalilzadeh, M. Shahamat, and A. Riahi, "Design and Simulation of a Novel Surface Plasmon Based Bio-Nanosensor for Detection of DNA Hybridization," Journal of Advanced Defense Science & Technology, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 275-278, 2020 (In Persian).
20.1001.1.26762935.1399.11.3.5.8
[4] S. Dutta Choudhury, R. Badugu, K. Ray, and J. R. Lakowicz, "Steering fluorescence emission with metal-dielectric-metal structures of Au, Ag, and Al," The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 117, no. 30, pp. 15798-15807, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4051066
[5] Y.-F.C. Chau, C.-T.C. Chao, H.-J Huang et al., "Perfect dual-band absorber based on plasmonic effect with the cross-hair/nanorod combination," Nanomaterials, vol. 10, no. 3, p. 493, 2020.
https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10030493
[6] C.-T.C Chao et al., "Visible-range multiple-channel metal-shell rod-shaped narrowband plasmonic metamaterial absorber for refractive index and temperature sensing," Micromachines, vol. 14, p. 340, 2023.
 https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020340
 [7] D.-D Zhu et al., "Research on surface plasmon resonance sensing of metal nano hollow elliptic cylinder," Plasmonics, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 2405-2413, 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-023-01930-w
[8] W. Yi, W. Bing, and Z.-P. Zhang, “Tunable omnidirectional surface plasmon resonance in cylindrical plasmonic structure,” Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 25, no. 12, pp. 4388–4390, 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1088/0256-307X/25/12/057.
[9] J. Jiang, Y. Xu, Y. Li, et al., “Triple-band perfect absorber based on the gold-Al2O3-grating structure in visible and near-infrared wavelength range,” Optics and Quantum Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2022.
DOI:10.1007/s11082-021-03422-9
[10] M Vahedi and A Riahi, "Theoretical study of the effect of the layer thickness on the sensitivity of tapered fiber optic sensors," Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 11, no. 1, pp., 87-93, 2023. (In Persian).
20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.1.9.0
[11] F Bashiri et al., "Designing and manufacturing of the laboratory optical fiber sensor for detection of the gas pressure by Fabry-Perot method and the investigation of the effect of the polymer material on its sensitivity," Applied Electromagnetics, vol., no., pp.,119-125,2023  (In Persian)
20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.2.11.4
[12] M Mansoursamaei and A Malakzadeh , "A new simulation method for calculating temperature and strain at the same time by fiber Bragg grating sensor," Applied Electromagnetics, vol., no., pp.,1-8 ,2023 (In Persian).DOR:
20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.1.1.2
[13] V. Amendola, "Surface plasmon resonance of silver and gold nanoparticles in the proximity of graphene studied using the discrete dipole approximation method," Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 2230-2241, 2016.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CP06121K
[14] J. B. Schneider, "Understanding the finite-difference time-domain method," School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, 2010.
[15] P. K. Jain, W. Huang, I. H. El-Sayed, and M. A. El-Sayed, "Noble Metal Nanoparticles for the Enhanced Optical Detection of Biological Species," The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol. 117, no. 21, pp. 2497-2502, 2007.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-007-9031-1
[16] C.-T.C Chou et al., "Biosensing on a plasmonic dual-band perfect absorber using intersection nanostructure," ACS Omega, vol., no., pp.,1139–1149 ,2022.
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05714
[17] P. Li, Y. Zhang, C. Liu, and J. Wang, "Fundamentals and applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy–based biosensors," Current Opinion in Biomedical Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 51-59, 2020.
https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.cobme.2020.05.005.
[18] S. Jiao, Y. Li, and K. Ma, "Design of infrared plasma absorber with high refractive index sensitivity," Plasmonics, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 1099-1106, 2021.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01372-2
[19] J. Jiang et al., "Triple-band perfect absorber based on the gold-Al2O3-grating structure in visible and near-infrared wavelength range," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 54, no. 1, p. 43, 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-021-03422-9
[20] C. Liang, Z. Yi, X. Chen, et al., "Dual-band infrared perfect absorber based on a Ag-dielectric-Ag multilayer films with nanoring grooves arrays," Plasmonics, vol. 15, pp. 93–100, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-019-01018-4.
[21] S. Wang et al., "The investigation of an LSPR refractive index sensor based on periodic gold nanorings array," Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol. 51, no. 4, p. 045101, 2018.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/aa9d30.
Applied Electromagnetics
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 30
Spring and Summer
September 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 29 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 05 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 30 April 2025
  • Publish Date: 21 May 2025

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