Protective Performance of Shield Wire and Surge Arrester Against Lightning Strikes in Distribution Networks Considering the Frequency Model of the Grounding System

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master's degree, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Behshahr, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Protection of power network equipment against lightning-induced overvoltages is essential for ensuring the stability and reliability of electrical systems. Interruptions caused by both direct and indirect lightning strikes present significant operational challenges. Therefore, designing and implementing effective lightning protection strategies, particularly at the distribution network level, is crucial to enhancing reliability and mitigating risks associated with natural lightning events.

This study examines the impact of lightning-induced overvoltages on distribution networks and evaluates the effectiveness of protective devices such as zinc oxide surge arresters, overhead shield wires, and grounding systems in controlling these overvoltages. To this end, precise modeling of key network components—including surge arresters, shield wires, insulator strings, and grounding systems—was conducted using EMTP-RV software.

A major focus of the research is the comparison between a frequency-dependent grounding system model and a simple resistive grounding model. Results reveal that the frequency-dependent model provides a more accurate and realistic representation, as grounding resistance varies with frequency, decreasing at higher frequencies. This decrease facilitates the easier discharge of lightning currents, thereby reducing induced overvoltages and lowering the probability of insulation failure. Consequently, the overall protective performance of the network is enhanced.

Simulation results also indicate that overhead shield wires effectively prevent direct lightning strikes on phase conductors. By channeling lightning currents into the grounding system, these wires reduce induced overvoltages and associated insulation failures in network equipment. Furthermore, the combination of zinc oxide surge arresters, shield wires, and accurate grounding system modeling proves vital in mitigating the adverse effects of lightning-induced overvoltages. Without surge arresters, lightning-induced overvoltages can readily cause insulation breakdown in insulator strings. However, strategically installing zinc oxide surge arresters provides a controlled discharge path for lightning currents, preventing excessive voltage rises.

Moreover, employing the frequency-dependent grounding model enhances the dissipation of lightning currents and further reduces induced voltages, thereby improving network safety and reliability. In summary, the findings demonstrate that integrating surge arresters, shield wires, and frequency-dependent grounding systems constitutes an effective approach to minimizing lightning-related damages in distribution networks.

Keywords

References

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Applied Electromagnetics
Volume 13, Issue 1 - Serial Number 30
Spring and Summer
September 2025

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History

  • Receive Date: 17 January 1404
  • Revise Date: 01 May 1404
  • Accept Date: 20 May 1404
  • Publish Date: 17 May 2026

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