Transient Analysis of the Transmission Lines Terminated to Arrester Under Direct Strikes Considering the Nonlinear Phenomenon of Ionization and the Frequency Dependence Effect of Electrical Parameters of Lossy Soil

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Assistant Professor, Arak University, Arak, Iran

Abstract

In this paper, the overvoltage of the transmission lines terminated to an arrester under direct lightning strike is computed, considering the nonlinear phenomenon of ionization and the frequency dependence effect of electrical parameters of lossy soils. To this end, electromagnetic transient solvers can be used. In this scenario, the arrester is grounded via a vertical electrode. To apply the frequency dependence of soil parameters, the approximation of equivalent frequency is used in such a way that the soil parameters are replaced with equivalent constant electrical parameters, while the nonlinear phenomenon of ionization is modelled with a nonlinear resistance in the RLC equivalent circuit of the vertical electrode. The simulation results show that the induced voltages across the arrester are different in the four scenaios (neither ionization nor frequency dependence, only ionization dependance, only frequency dependence, and both ionization and frequency dependence), specifically the induced voltage across the arrester when both effects are considered is reduced compared to the situations where both effects are ignored or only one effect is considered. This reduction for highly resistive soils and for electrodes with long lengths is more pronounced. This fact plays an important role in designing lightning arresters which should be considered by power engineers..

Keywords

References

[1]     J. Mahseredjian, S. Dennetiere, L. Dube, B. Khodabakhchian, and L. Gerin-Lajoie, “On a new approach for the simulation of transients in power systems,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 77, no. 11, pp. 1514–1514, 2007.##
[2]     L. Grcev and M. popov, “On High-Frequency Circuit Equivalents of a Vertical Ground Rod,” IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1598-1061, 2005. ##
[3]     L. Grcev, “Modeling of Grounding Electrodes under Lightning Currents,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 559-571, 2009.    ##
[4]     S. Mehrabi and S. R. Ostadzadeh, “Impact of Ocean-Land Mixed Propagation Path on Equivalent Circuit of Grounding Rods,” Journal of Communication Engineering, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 197-207, 2019.##
[5]     D. Cavka, N. Mora, and F. Rachidi, “A comparison of frequency-dependence soil models: application to the analysis of grounding systems,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 177-187, 2014.##
[6]     M. Akbari et al, “Evaluation of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields and their Induced Voltages on Overhead lines Considering the Frequency-dependence of Soil Electrical Parameters,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic, Compatibility, vol. 55, no. 6, pp.1210-1219, 2013.##
[7]     K. Sheshyekani et al, “Evaluation of Lightning-Induced Voltage on Multi-conductor Overhead Lines Located above a Lossy Dispersive Ground,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic, Compatibility, vol. 55, no. 6, pp.       1210-1219, 2014.##
[8]     Z. Feng, X. Wen, X. Tong, H. Lu, L. Lan, and P. Xing, “Impulse characteristics of tower grounding devices considering soil ionization by the timedomain difference method,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1906-1913, Aug. 2015.  ##
[9]     J. Ghayur Safar, R. Shariatinasab, and Jinliang He, “Comprehensive Modeling of Grounding Electrodes Buried in Ionized Soil Based on MoM-HBM Approach,” IEEE Trans. Power. Del., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1627-1636, 2019.##
[10]  K. Sheshyekani, S. H. Hesamedin Sadeghi, R. Moini, F. Rachidi, and M. Paolone, “Analysis of transmission lines with arrester termination, considering the frequency-dependence of grounding systems,” IEEE Transaction on Electromagnetic, Compatibility, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 986-994, 2009.##
[11]  K. Sheshyekani, S. H. H. Sadeghi, R. Moini, and F. Rachidi, “Frequency-domain analysis of ground electrodes buried in an ionized soil when subjected to surge currents: A MoM–AOM approach,” Electric Power System Research, vol. 81, pp. 290-296, 2011.##
[12]  M. Mokhtari, Z. Abdul-Malek, and C. L. Wooi, “Integration of Frequency Dependent Soil Electrical Properties in Grounding Electrode Circuit Model,” International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE), vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 792-799, 2016.##
[13]  M. W-Wik, “Double exponential models for comparison of lightning, nuclear and electrostatic discharge spectra,” Proc. 6th Symp. Tech. Exhib. Electromagn. Compat, Mar. 5–7, Zurich, pp. 169–174, 1985.##
[14]  J. A. Martinez et al, “Parameters determination for Modeling Systems Transients-Part V: Surge Arrester,” IEEE Trans on Power Delivery, vol. 20, no. 3, pp.        2073-2078, 2005.##
[15]  S. Visacro et al., “Frequency Dependence of Soil Parameters: Experimental Results, Predicting Formula and Influence on the Lightning Response of Grounding Electrodes,” IEEE Transaction, Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 927-935, 2012.##
[16]  F. Rachidi, “A Review of Field-to-Transmission Line Coupling Models With Special Emphasis to          Lightning-Induced Voltages on Overhead Lines,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 898–911, Aug. 2012.##
[17]  A. C. Liew and M. Darveniza, “Dynamic model of impulse characteristics of concentrated earths,” Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng.-London, vol. 121, no. 2, pp. 123–135, 1974.##
[18]  M. Akbari, K. Sheshyekani, and M. R. Alemi, “The effect of frequency dependence of soil electrical parameters on the lightning performance of grounding systems,” IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 739-746, Apr. 2013.##
[19]  S. S. Sajjadi, V. Aghajani, and S. R. Ostadzadeh, “Comprehensive Formulae for Effective Length of Multiple Grounding Electrodes Considering Different Aspects of Soils: Simplified Multiconductor Transmission Line-Intelligent Water Drop Approach,” Int. J. Numer. Model El. 2020; e2721, https://doi.org/10.1002/jnm.2721.##
[20]  S. R. Ostadzadeh, “Validity of Improved MTL for Effective Length of Counterpoise Wires under Low and High-Valued Lightning Currents,” Advanced Electromagnetics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2020.##
[21]  S. Visacro, “What Engineers in Industry Should Know About the response of Grounding Electrodes Subjected to
Lightning Currents,” IEEE Transaction on Industry Application, vol. 51, pp. 4943-4951, 2015.##
[22]  Jinliang He, “Progress in Lightning Impulse Characteristics of Grounding Electrodes with Soil Ionization,” IEEE Transaction on Industry Application, vol. 51, pp.          4924-4933, 2015.  ##
[23]  H. Yazdi, S. R. Ostadzadeh, and F. Taheri Astaneh, “Transient Analysis of Single-Conductor Overhead Lines Terminated to Grounded Arrester Considering Frequency Dependence of Electrical Parameters of Soil using Genetic Algorithm,” Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 35-42, 2015. (In Persian)##
[24]  H. Chen and Y. Du, “Lightning Grounding Grid Model Considering Both the Frequency-Dependent Behavior and Ionization Phenomenon,” IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 898–911, Aug. 2018.##

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 September 2020
  • Revise Date: 18 October 2020
  • Accept Date: 03 July 2021
  • Publish Date: 23 September 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics