بهبود ساختار تقویت کننده رامان کریستال فوتونی هایبرید به کمک مواد اپتوفلوییدی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه الزهرا (س)

2 تربیت مدرس

چکیده

در این مقاله، با استفاده از موجبر کریستال فوتونی هایبرید، ساختاری برای تقویت کننده رامان پیشنهاد می شود که در آن به کمک ایجاد نانو حفره های پر شده با مواد اپتوفلوییدی در مسیر پمپ و سیگنال، سرعت گروه پمپ و سیگنال کاهش یافته و در نتیجه بهره و عرض باند تقویت رامان افزایش می یابد. در این ساختار، پارامترهای هندسی برای دست یابی به بهره و عرض باند تقویت بزرگتر، بهبود می یابند. معادلات ماکسول به روش FDTD و با درنظر گرفتن اثرات غیرخطی جذب دو فوتونی، جذب حامل آزاد، اثر کِر و مدلاسیون فاز خودی در موجبر کریستال فوتونی هایبرید حل می شوند. سپس با تزریق هم زمان 3 پمپ با طول موج و توان مناسب به ساختار تقویت کننده رامان با طول um 350، بهره رامان 10.06 db و عرض باند تقویت nm 5.75 حاصل می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


   [1]      H. Rong, S. Xu, Y. H. Kuo, V. Sih, O. Cohen, O. Raday, and M. Paniccia, “Monolithic integrated ring resonator Raman silicon laser and amplifier,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 6485, pp. 1- 8, 2007.
   [2]      B. Jalali, V. Raghunathan, and R. Shori, “Prospects of silicon Mid-IR raman lasers,” IEEE Journal of selected topics in quantum electronics, vol. 12, pp. 1618-1627, 2006.
   [3]      C. Monat, B. Corcoran, D. Pudo, M. Ebnali-Heidari, C. Grillet, M. D. Pelusi, D. J. Moss, B. J. Eggleton, T. P. White, L. O'Faolainand, and T. F. Krauss, “Slow light enhanced nonlinear optics in silicon photonic crystal waveguides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 16, pp. 344–356, 2010.
   [4]      B. Corcoran, C. Monat, M. D. Pelusi, C. Grillet, T. P. White, L.O'Faolain, T. F.Krauss, B. J.Eggleton and D. J. Moss, “Optical signal processing on a silicon chip at 640Gb/s using slow-light,” Opt. Express, vol. 18, pp. 7770–7781, 2010.
   [5]      R. Claps, V. Raghunathan, D. Dimitropoulos, and B. Jalali, “Influence of nonlinear absorption on Raman amplification in silicon waveguides,” Optics Express, vol. 12, pp. 2774-2780, 2004.
   [6]      A. Liu, H. Rong, and M. Paniccia, “Net optical gain in a low loss silicon-on-insulator waveguide by stimulated Raman scattering,” Optics Express, vol. 12, pp. 4261-4268, 2004.
   [7]      I. D. Rukhlenko and M. Premaratne, “Spectral compression and group delay of optical pulses in silicon Raman amplifiers,” Opt. Lett., vol. 35, pp. 3138-3140, 2010.
   [8]      F. Kroeger, A. Ryasnyanskiy, A. Baron, N. Dubreuil, P. Delaye, R. Frey, G. Roosen, and D. Peyrade, “Saturation of the Raman amplification by self-phase modulation in silicon nanowaveguides,” Applied Physics Letter, vol. 96, pp. 241102-1-241102-3, 2010.
   [9]      R. Claps, V. Raghunathan, O. Boyraz, P. Koonath, D. Dimitropoulos, and B. Jalali, “Raman amplification and lasing in SiGewaveguides,” Optics Express, vol. 13, pp. 2459-2466, 2005.
[10]      A. Seidfaraji and V. Ahmadi, “Enhanced Raman amplification by photonic crystal based waveguide structure,” ICTON, pp. 1-4, 2012.
[11]      A. Seyedfaraji and V. Ahmadi, “Improvement of Raman amplifier bandwidth by means of slow light in photonic crystal based waveguide structure,” Opt Quant Electron, vol. 45, pp. 1237–1248, 2013.
[12]      Y. H. Hsiao, S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa, “Design of Silicon Photonic Crystal Waveguides for High Gain Raman Amplification Using Two Symmetric Transvers-Electric-Like Slow-Light Modes,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 52, 2013.
[13]      Y. H. Hsiao, S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa, “Spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering in silica-cladded silicon photonic crystal waveguides,” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 54, 2015.
[14]      A. Seyedfaraji and V. Ahmadi, “Enhanced Raman amplification by hybrid photonic crystals,” ICTON, pp. 1-4, 2010.
[15]      H. Yi-Hua, S. Iwamoto, and Y. Arakawa, “Design of slow-light grating waveguides for silicon Raman amplifier,” CLEO-PR, pp. 1-2, 2013.
[16]      M. Krause, H. Renner, and E. Brinkmeyer, “Silicon Raman amplifiers with ring-resonator-enhanced pump power,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant., vol. 16, pp. 216-225, 2010.
[17]      I. D. Rukhlenko, C. Dissanayake, M. Premaratne, and G. P.Agrawal, “Optimization of raman amplification in silicon waveguide with finite facet reflectivities,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant., vol. 16, pp. 226-233, 2010.
[18]      J. F. McMillan, X. Yang, N. C. Panoiu, R. M. Osgood, and C. W. Wong, “Enhanced stimulated raman scattering in slow-light photonic crystal waveguides,” Optics Letters, vol. 31, pp.            1235-1237, 2006.
[19]       D. R. Solli, P. Koonath, and B. Jalali, “Broadband Raman amplification in silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 93, pp. 191105-1–191105-3, 2008.
[20]      S. Bakhshi, M. K. Moravvej-Farshi, and M.     Ebnali-Heidari, “Proposal for enhancing the transmission efficiency of photonic crystal 60° waveguide bends by means of optofluidicinfiltration,” Appl. Opt., vol. 50, pp. 4048-4053, 2011.
[21]      S. Bakhshi, M. K. Moravvej-Farshi, and M.      Ebnali-Heidari, “Design of an ultracompact         low-power all-optical modulator by means of dispersion engineered slow light regime in a photonic crystal Mach-Zehnder interferometer,” Appl. Opt., vol. 51, pp. 2687–2692, 2012.
[22]      A. Seyedfaraji and V. Ahmadi, “New design of   ring-based raman amplifier using optofluidic materials,” Optical Engineering, vol. 52, pp. 097103-1- 097103-6, 2013.
[23]      R. Dekker, N. Usechak, M. Först, and A. Driessen, “Ultrafast nonlinear all-optical processes in     silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 40, pp. R249-R271, 2007.
[24]      S. Keyvaninia, E. D. Ahmadi, F. Farman, R. Taghiabadi, and A. Bahrampour, “Gain variation of Raman amplifier in silicon micro-ring coupled resonator optical waveguides,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 6998, pp. 699818-1-699818-8, 2008.
[25]      T. J. A. Kippenberg, “Nonlinear Optics in          Ultra-high-Q Whispering-Gallery,” Optical Microcavities, Ph.D thesis, California Institute of Technology, 2004.
[26]      Q. Lin, O. J. Painter, and G. P. Agrawal, “Nonlinear optical phenomena in silicon waveguides: modeling and applications,” Optics Express, vol. 15, pp. 16604-16644, 2007.
[27]      J. K. Doylend, O. Cohen, M. R. Lee, O. Raday, S. Xu, V. Sih, H. Rong, and M. Paniccia, “Tunable ring resonators for silicon Raman laser and amplifier applications,” Proc. SPIE, vol. 6896, pp. 68960Q-1-68960Q-9, 2008.