روشی برای تشخیص خطای قطع تحریک در ژنراتور سنکرون با استفاده از روش اجزا محدود در نرم افزار ماکسول

فتحی شوب, رضا; نیازآذری, میلاد

روشی برای تشخیص خطای قطع تحریک در ژنراتور سنکرون با استفاده از روش اجزا محدود در نرم افزار ماکسول

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دکتری تخصصی،شرکت توزیع نیروی برق استان مازندران،بهشهر،ایران

² دانشیار،دانشگاه علم و فناوری مازندران،بهشهر، ایران

چکیده

یکی از مهمترین خطاهای ایجاد شده در ژنراتور سنکرون،خطای قطع تحریک می‌‌باشد. این خطا در اثر معیوب بودن سیستم تحریک، باز شدن کلید تحریک در شرایط بهره برداری ژنراتور،خطا در سیستم تنظیم ولتاژ و یا بار شدید خازنی اتفاق می‌افتد. در این حالت توان راکتیو تحویلی توسط ژنراتور سنکرون کاهش می‌یابد و ژنراتور با جذب توان راکتیو از شبکه در رژیم آسنکرون با دور بالاترازسنکرون به کار خود ادامه می‌دهد.در صورت ادامه روند کاهش جریان تحریک و در‌ نهایت قطع آن، باعث آسیب‌های ‌جدی به ‌ژنراتور می‌شود. متداولترین روش برای تشخیص خطای قطع تحریک ، روش های امپدانسی هستند؛ این روش ها دارای سرعت پایینی بوده و قدرت تمایز کامل برای تشخیص اغتشاشاتی نظیر نوسان توان پایدار را ندارند. در این تحقیق از مشتق ولتاژ ترمینال ژنراتور و مشتق زاویه قدرت استفاده شده است که با حاصلضرب این دو‌سیگنال،شاخص تشخیص خطا بدست آمده است. علامت منفی شاخص نشان دهنده وقوع خطای قطع تحریک بوده ودرصورت وقوع خطای نوسان توان پایدار شاخص نوسانی بوده و منفی نمی باشد. به منظور بررسی عملکرد شاخص شبیه سازیهای متعددی بر اساس مدار طراحی شده با ژنراتورها و بارهای مختلف در نرم افزار MATLAB/Simulink انجام گرفته و صحت عملکرد آن مشخص شده است. نتایج شبیه سازی نشان دهنده این موضوع است‌ که ‌روش پیشنهادی دارای سرعت و دقت بالاتری نسبت به روش های مرسوم قبلی می‌باشد. همچنین با استفاده از روش‌های اجزاء محدود و نرم افزار Maxwell برای صحت سنجی، شبیه ‌سازی ژنراتور سنکرون انجام شده و نتایج آن صحت عملکرد روش و الگوریتم پیشنهادی را تایید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.26455153.1403.12.2.5.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

A method to detect the loss of excitation in the synchronous generator using Finite Element method via Maxwell software

نویسندگان [English]

Reza Fathi Shoob ¹
Milad Niaz Azari ²

¹ PhD, Mazandaran Province Electricity Distribution Company, Behshahr, Iran

² Associate Professor, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Behshahr, Iran

چکیده [English]

Loss of excitation (LOE) is one of the main failures of the synchronous generator. In this case, the reactive power delivered by the synchronous generator is reduced. If these conditions are created, the generator will continue to operate above the synchronous range in proportion to the energy applied to its prime mover. These conditions are similar to the operation of an asynchronous generator, in the case of continuing the process of reducing the excitation current and finally cutting it, it will cause serious damage to the generator. The most widely applied method to detect a generator loss of field condition on generators is the use of distance relays to sense the variations of impedance as viewed from the generator terminals. This approach has a low speed and may not be able to distinguish between LOE and stable power swing (SPS). These studies show that the proposed algorithm is faster and more accurate in detecting LOE fault. It also has higher security in distinguishing LOE fault from SPS. In this method, the derivative of the generator terminal voltage and the derivative of the power angle are used, and with the product of these two signals, a fault detection index is obtained. As a result, if the index is negative, a LOE fault has occurred and the simulation results show that in the SPS situation, the LOEDI will be swinging and not negative. To check the performance of the index, several simulations based on the circuit designed with different generators and loads have been performed in Matlab/Simulink software and the validation of its performance has been determined. The results of these studies have shown that the proposed strategy is faster and more accurate. Also, using finite element methods via Maxwell software for validation, simulation of synchronous generator has been done and its results confirm the validity of the proposed method and algorithm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

synchronous generator
Loss of Excitation
stable power Swing
synchronous generator terminal voltage derivative
load angle derivative
LOEDI index

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