حسگر جابجایی دوبعدی مایکروویوی با استفاده از ساختار موجبر فاصله هوایی شیاردار

حسین زاده, محمد; قالیبافان, جواد; رضائی, مرتضی

حسگر جابجایی دوبعدی مایکروویوی با استفاده از ساختار موجبر فاصله هوایی شیاردار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد حسین زاده ¹

جواد قالیبافان ²

مرتضی رضائی ³

¹ کارشناسی ارشد،دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

² دانشیار، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

³ دانشیار، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری،سبزوار، ایران

چکیده

این مقاله از فناوری موجبر فاصله هوایی شیاردار برای طراحی یک حسگر جابجایی دوبعدی مایکروویوی استفاده می‌کند. ویژگی منحصربه‌فرد موجبر فاصله هوایی، عدم وجود اتصال الکتریکی میان صفحات بالا و پایین است که آن را به گزینه‌ای مناسب برای پیاده‌سازی حسگرهای جابجایی تبدیل می‌کند. حسگر پیشنهادی از دو شاخه (stub) اتصال کوتاه به طول یک‌چهارم طول موج و به صورت سری در مسیر انتقال موج بهره می‌برد تا صفرهای انتقال در پاسخ فرکانسی ایجاد شوند. نحوه آرایش این شاخه‌ها امکان تشخیص جابجایی در دو بعد را فراهم می‌کند. در این مقاله، تأثیر ورود تیغه‌های دی‌الکتریک از جنس تفلون برای جابجایی نقطه صفر انتقال در محل شاخه‌های اتصال کوتاه بررسی شده است. طراحی به گونه‌ای انجام شده که دو بازه فرکانسی مربوط به صفرهای انتقال، به اندازه کافی از یکدیگر فاصله داشته باشند تا از هم‌پوشانی جلوگیری شود و محدوده فرکانسی لازم برای جابجایی فرکانس صفر انتقال فراهم باشد. حسگر در محدوده فرکانسی 9/35 GHz تا 9/85 GHz برای جابجایی افقی و 10/1 GHz تا 11 GHz برای جابجایی عمودی عمل می‌کند. حساسیت حسگر در هر دو جابجایی 65 MHz بر mm است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

حسگرهای مایکروویوی

صفر انتقال

حسگر جابجایی

موجبر فاصله هوایی

عنوان مقاله English

Two-Dimensional Microwave Displacement Sensor Using Groove Gap Waveguide Structure

نویسندگان English

mohammad hosseinzadeh ¹

Javad Ghalibafan ²

Morteza Rezaee ³

¹ Master's degree, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

² Associate Professor, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran

چکیده English

In this paper, groove gap waveguide technology is used to design a two-dimensional microwave displacement sensor. The unique feature of the gap waveguide is lack of electrical connection between the top and bottom plates, making it an ideal choice for displacement sensors. The proposed sensor uses two quarter-wavelength short-circuited stubs in series in the wave transmission path to generate transmission zeros in frequency response. The arrangement of these stubs allows displacement detection in two dimensions. This paper investigates the effect of inserting dielectric Teflon blades to shift the transmission zero point at the short-circuited stubs. The design ensures that the two frequency ranges corresponding to transmission zeros are sufficiently spaced apart, preventing overlap and providing enough frequency range to accommodate shifts in the transmission zero frequency. The sensor operates in the frequency range of 9.35 to 9.85 GHz for horizontal displacement and 10.1 to 11 GHz for vertical displacement. The sensitivity of the sensor is 65 MHz/mm.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Microwave sensors

Transmission zero

Displacement sensor

Groove gap waveguide (GGW)

[1] Zhang, Zhuowei, Chi-Hou Chio, Kam-Weng Tam, Gang Zhang, Xin Zhou, Cheng Teng, and Ngai Kong. “Microwave Displacement Sensors Based on Filtering Phase Shifter with Chebyshev Response.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 24, no. 10, pp. 15857-15864, 2024.

[2] Chio, Chi-Hou, Roberto Gomez-Garcia, Li Yang, Kam-Weng Tam, Wai-Wa Choi, and Sut-Kam Ho. “An Angular-Displacement Microwave Sensor Using an Unequal-Length-Bi-Path Transversal Filtering Section.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 715-722, 2019.

[3] Arda Seçme, Uzay Tefek, Burak Sarı, Hadi Sedaghat Pisheh, H. Dilara Uslu, Özge Akbulut, Berk Kucukoglu, et al. “High-Resolution Dielectric Characterization of Single Cells and Microparticles Using Integrated Microfluidic Microwave Sensors.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 6517–6529, 2023.

[4] Hernandez-Aguila, Miguel, Jose-Luis Olvera-Cervantes, Edel-Serafin Hernandez-Gomez, and Alonso Corona-Chavez. “Displacement Sensor with High Sensitivity and Linearity Based on a Half-Wavelength SIR for Crack Width Measurement.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 24, no. 8, pp.12332–12339, 2024.

[5] Hatem El Matbouly, Naïmi Boubekeur, and Frédéric Domingue. “Passive Microwave Substrate Integrated Cavity Resonator for Humidity Sensing.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 63, no. 12, pp. 4150–4156, 2015.

[6] Charvadeh, Sina Rahmani, Mohammad Hosseinzadeh, and Javad Ghalibafan. “The EBG-Based Biosensor for Setting the Appropriate Dialysis Time in Hemodialysis Process.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 15, pp. 17619-17626, 2023.

[7] Charvadeh, Sina Rahmani, and Javad Ghalibafan. “Investigation of Textile Permittivity under the Influence of Fever for Designing a Wearable Temperature Sensing Antenna.” Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X, vol. 12, 100264, 2022.

[8] Noras, Maciej A. “Activity Detection and Recognition with Passive Electric Field Sensors.” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications 58, no. 1 (2021): 800–806.

[9] Lee, Chieh-Sen, and Chin-Lung Yang. “Single-Compound Complementary Split-Ring Resonator for Simultaneously Measuring the Permittivity and Thickness of Dual-Layer Dielectric Materials.” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vo. 63, no. 6, pp. 2010–2023, 2015.

[10] Mohammad Hosseinzadeh, Javad Ghalibafan, Morteza Rezaee, and Ali Kheirdoost, “A High-Resolution Microwave Displacement Sensor Based on Interferometry in Groove Gap Waveguide Technology.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 24, no. 24,pp. 40774–40780, 2024.

[11] Regalla, Premsai, and A. V. Praveen Kumar. “Two-Dimensional Wide Dynamic Range Displacement Sensor Using Dielectric Resonator Coupled Microwave Circuit.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no.24, pp. 30222–30230, 2023.

[12] Horestani, Ali K., Zahra Shaterian, and Michal Mrozowski. “High Dynamic Range Microwave Displacement and Rotation Sensors Based on the Phase of Transmission in Groove Gap Waveguide Technology.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 182–189, 2022.

[13] Morteza Rezaee, and Mojtaba Joodaki. “Two-Dimensional Displacement Sensor Based on CPW Line Loaded by Defected Ground Structure with Two Separated Transmission Zeroes.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 994–999, 2017.

[14] Teng, Cheng, Chi-Hou Chio, Kam-Weng Tam, and Pui-Yi Lau. “An Angular Displacement Microwave Sensor with 360° Dynamic Range Using Multi-Mode Resonator.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 2899-2907, 2021.

[15] Jha, Abhishek Kumar, Adam Lamecki, Michal Mrozowski, and Maurizio Bozzi. “A Microwave Sensor with Operating Band Selection to Detect Rotation and Proximity in the Rapid Prototyping Industry.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 683–693, 2021.

[16] Chataut, Robin, and Robert Akl. “Massive MIMO Systems for 5G and beyond Networks—Overview, Recent Trends, Challenges, and Future Research Direction.” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 10, pp. 2753, 2020.

[17] M. Norozi, M. H. Ostovarzadeh, and S. A. R. Parizi, "Design of V Band 4×4 Butler Matrix in Ridge Gap Waveguide Technology," Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 11, no. 2, 2023, (In Persian). dor: 20.1001.1.26455153.1402.11.2.2.5.

[18] Ren, Kewei, Peng-Wen Zhu, Tongwen Sun, Junchao Wang, Dawei Wang, Jun Li, and Wen‐Sheng Zhao. “A Complementary Split-Ring Resonator (CSRR)-Based 2D Displacement Sensor.” Symmetry, vol. 14, no. 6, 1116, 2022.

[19] Zahra Shaterian, and Michal Mrozowski. “Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component.” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 27012–27019, 2023.

[20] M. S. Dehghani and D. Zarifi, "Design of Power Divider Based on Gap Waveguide Technology for Use in Low Sidelobe Level 60-GHz Slot Array Antenna," Journal of Applied Electromagnetics, vol. 7, no. 2, 2020, (In Persian). dor: 20.1001.1.26455153.1398.7.2.11.6.

[21] Jahangiri, Payam, Mohammad Naser-Moghadasi, Behbod Ghalamkari, and Massoud Dousti. “A New Planar Microwave Sensor for Fat-Measuring of Meat Based on SRR and Periodic EBG Structures.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 346, 113826, 2022.

[22] Yi, Zhenxiang, and Chuxi Wang. “Noninvasive Glucose Sensors Using Defective-Ground-Structure Coplanar Waveguide.” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 195–201, 2023.

[23] Rahiminejad, S., A.U. Zaman, E. Pucci, H. Raza, V. Vassilev, S. Haasl, P. Lundgren, P.-S. Kildal, and P. Enoksson. “Micromachined Ridge Gap Waveguide and Resonator for Millimeter-Wave Applications.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 186, pp. 264–269, 2012.

[24] Wang, Jie, Yongle Wu, Weimin Wang, and Li Ma. “Wideband Mm-Wave High-Gain Multibeam Antenna Array Fed by 4 × 4 Groove Gap Waveguide Butler Matrix with Modified Crossover.” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 154, 154287, 2022.

[25] Per-Simon Kildal, Eduardo C Alfonso, Alejandro Valero-Nogueira, and Eva Rajo-Iglesias. “Local Metamaterial-Based Waveguides in Gaps between Parallel Metal Plates.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 8, pp. 84–87, 2009.

[26] Palomares-Caballero, Angel, Antonio Alex-Amor, Pablo Escobedo, Juan Valenzuela-Valdes, and Pablo Padilla. “Low-Loss Reconfigurable Phase Shifter in Gap-Waveguide Technology for mm-Wave Applications.” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Ii-Express Briefs, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 3058–3062, 2020.

[27] Abdollahy, Hassan, Ali Farahbakhsh, and Mohammad Hossein Ostovarzadeh. “Mechanical Reconfigurable Phase Shifter Based on Gap Waveguide Technology.” AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 132, 153655, 2021.

[28] Horestani, Ali K, Jordi Naqui, Zahra Shaterian, Derek Abbott, Christophe Fumeaux, and Ferran Martín. “Two-Dimensional Alignment and Displacement Sensor Based on Movable Broadside-Coupled Split Ring Resonators.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 210, pp.18–24, 2014.